anti tgf beta 1 antibody proteintech 26155 1 ap  (Proteintech)

Journal: Clinical and Experimental Medicine

Article Title: CD44 is associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma metastasis via potential modulation of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment

doi: 10.1007/s10238-026-02101-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Flowchart of this study. A total of 204 patients (82 with nodular goiter (NG) and 122 with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), including 49 with PTC-cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) and 73 with PTC-noncervical lymph node metastasis (NCLNM) were analyzed. Proteomic screening was performed on 24 tissue and serum samples (NG = 3, PTC-CLNM = 13, PTC-NCLNM = 8), followed by validation using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Bioinformatics analysis, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and 3D tissue clearing were conducted to examine CD44 expression and its correlation with IL-10, TGF-β, and Tregs. Statistical analysis included both univariate and multivariate approaches

Article Snippet: After being incubated with 3% H2O2 for 10 min, CD44 polyclonal antibody (Proteintech Cat# 15675-1-AP, RRID: AB_2076198), TGF-β polyclonal antibody (Proteintech Cat# 21898-1-AP, RRID: AB_2811115) and IL-10 monoclonal antibody (Proteintech Cat# 60269-1-Ig, RRID: AB_2881389) was added, and the samples were incubated for 12 h at 4 °C.

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Flow Cytometry, Immunohistochemistry, Staining, Expressing

Journal: Clinical and Experimental Medicine

Article Title: CD44 is associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma metastasis via potential modulation of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment

doi: 10.1007/s10238-026-02101-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: CD44 is an independent risk factor for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) metastasis, associated with elevated immunosuppressive cytokines, and organizes the metastatic niche. (A) ( a ), Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for PTC. ( b ), Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM). (B) Serum levels of CD44, TGF-β, and IL-10 are significantly elevated in PTC patients and further increased in those with CLNM. ( a ), The serum expression levels of CD44 between nodular goiter (NG) and PTC groups. ( b ), The serum expression levels of IL-10 between NG and PTC groups. ( c ), The serum expression levels of TGF-β between NG and PTC groups. ( d ), The serum expression levels of CD44 between PTC-CLNM and PTC with noncervical lymph node metastasis (PTC-NCLNM). ( e ), The serum expression levels of IL-10 between PTC-CLNM and PTC-NCLNM. ( f ), The serum expression levels of TGF-β between PTC-CLNM and PTC-NCLNM. (C) Representative hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of thyroid and lymph node tissues (scale bars: 100 μm). ( a ) Benign thyroid nodule showing regular follicular architecture with uniform epithelial lining and colloid-filled lumens. ( b ) Papillary thyroid carcinoma displaying characteristic features: papillary fronds with fibrovascular cores, nuclear enlargement, overlapping, and longitudinal nuclear grooves. ( c ) Non-metastatic lymph node with preserved architecture including germinal centers and sinuses. ( d ) Metastatic lymph node from PTC patient, showing replacement of normal lymphoid tissue by tumor nests and intralymphatic tumor emboli. D. 3D tissue clearing images of the PTC microenvironment, obtained by confocal microscopy, reveal key spatial interactions. ( a ), Merged multichannel image with a composite view of the integrated landscape of the nuclei (DAPI, blue), CD44 + tumor cells (green), and CD25 + regulatory T cells (Tregs, red) followed by ( b ) CD44 + tumor cells (green) with highlighting of stemness-associated metastatic morphology and ( c ) DAPI-stained nuclei (blue) as an architectural context of cellular distribution; ( d ), CD25⁺ Tregs (red) illustrating immunosuppressive niche formation.(* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001, NS P > 0.05)

Article Snippet: After being incubated with 3% H2O2 for 10 min, CD44 polyclonal antibody (Proteintech Cat# 15675-1-AP, RRID: AB_2076198), TGF-β polyclonal antibody (Proteintech Cat# 21898-1-AP, RRID: AB_2811115) and IL-10 monoclonal antibody (Proteintech Cat# 60269-1-Ig, RRID: AB_2881389) was added, and the samples were incubated for 12 h at 4 °C.

Techniques: Expressing, Staining, Confocal Microscopy

Journal: Clinical and Experimental Medicine

Article Title: CD44 is associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma metastasis via potential modulation of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment

doi: 10.1007/s10238-026-02101-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: CD44 promotes an immunosuppressive microenvironment and drives tumor cell proliferation in PTC (A) Immunohistochemical analysis reveals upregulated CD44, IL-10, and TGF-β protein expression in PTC tissues, particularly with lymph node metastasis. ( a - c ), The negative control of PBS instead of first antibody. ( d - f ), The immunohistochemical results of CD44, IL-10 and TGF-β expression in the thyroid nodule tissue of patients in the nodular goiter (NG) group. ( g - i ), The immunohistochemical results of CD44, IL-10 and TGF-β expression in the thyroid nodule tissue of patients in the papillary thyroid carcinoma with noncervical lymph node metastasis (PTC-NCLNM) group. ( j - l ), The immunohistochemical results of CD44, IL-10 and TGF-β expression in the thyroid nodule tissue of patients in the PTC with cervical lymph node metastasis (PTC-CLNM) group. (B) Flow cytometry demonstrates increased circulating Treg frequency in PTC patients, which escalates with metastatic progression. ( a - c ), The proportion of Treg cells among CD4 + T cells in the blood of patients from the NG, PTC-NCLNM, and PTC-CLNM groups. ( d ) The quantitative comparison of Treg cell proportions in the blood between NG and PTC patients. ( e ) The quantitative comparison of Treg cell proportions in the blood between PTC-NCLNM and PTC-CLNM patients. (C) Genetic manipulation of CD44 confirms its direct role in enhancing PTC cell proliferation in vitro. Comparison of cell viability among TPC-1-CD44-KD, TPC-1-CD44-KD empty vector control (TPC-1-EV), and CD44 overexpression (TPC-1-CD44-OE) groups. (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001)

Article Snippet: After being incubated with 3% H2O2 for 10 min, CD44 polyclonal antibody (Proteintech Cat# 15675-1-AP, RRID: AB_2076198), TGF-β polyclonal antibody (Proteintech Cat# 21898-1-AP, RRID: AB_2811115) and IL-10 monoclonal antibody (Proteintech Cat# 60269-1-Ig, RRID: AB_2881389) was added, and the samples were incubated for 12 h at 4 °C.

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Expressing, Negative Control, Flow Cytometry, Comparison, In Vitro, Plasmid Preparation, Control, Over Expression